Cross border Compliance Observation | The Development Path of Cross border E-commerce Compliance in the Context of RCEP - Taking Going Abroad to the Japanese Market as an Example [Going Global Think Tank]

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The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP) officially entered into force on January 1 this year for six ASEAN member countries including Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, and China, Japan, New Zealand, and Australia. According to the RCEP agreement, over 90% of goods in the region will have their taxes reduced to zero within ten years, and corresponding provisions have been made in optimizing rules of origin, expanding market access, and promoting trade and investment facilitation measures. Affected by this, the cross-border e-commerce industry is facing new opportunities.

Feng Xiaopeng, a special legal expert at CGGT and partner at Jindu Law Firm, pointed out that under the RCEP background, international and domestic regulations have put forward new requirements for the compliance ability of cross-border e-commerce. However, the current level of compliance in cross-border e-commerce in China is uneven, and enterprises should accelerate compliance transformation to adapt to increasingly complex international e-commerce rules. Specifically, before conducting business, cross-border e-commerce enterprises should actively understand the local laws and policies of the product market, conduct sufficient investigations of the target market in advance to arrange relevant plans and measures for compliance risk prevention, establish compliance guidelines and specific compliance work systems, provide action standards for discovering and handling violations, and provide guarantees for the compliance construction of enterprises at the institutional level.

Today, the Go Global Think Tank (CGGT) published an article by Lawyer Feng Xiaopeng on the compliance analysis of cross-border e-commerce in Japan, for readers who are interested in cross-border compliance management to refer to.

main points

CGGT，CHINA GOING GLOBAL THINKTANK

1. The RCEP e-commerce rules play a cornerstone role in promoting the development of cross-border e-commerce, which is conducive to breaking trade barriers and creating new opportunities for the development of cross-border e-commerce between China and Japan.

2. The customs clearance risks faced by cross-border e-commerce enterprises when conducting export trade mainly come from the customs regulations of the buyer's location. On the one hand, it may be due to the seller's lack of understanding of the regulatory rules of the market and unintentionally violating relevant regulations. On the other hand, it may be due to the seller's lucky mentality, taking risks to obtain profits, falsely reporting and concealing information, and failing to truthfully report information about the exported goods, This creates a series of complex customs clearance risks.

3. The Japanese customs has a high degree of inspection and strict supervision on imported goods. In order to ensure smooth customs clearance and crack the inverse algorithm, cross-border e-commerce enterprises must comply with relevant Japanese laws and regulations, and abide by platform policies. Only by truthful declaration and compliant operation can they seek long-term development.

Main text

CGGT，CHINA GOING GLOBAL THINKTANK

introduction

With the development of network information technology and the popularity of mobile intelligent terminals, Internet e-commerce has flourished worldwide, especially in the context of the normalization of prevention and control of the COVID-19, a large number of offline consumption has been transferred to online. With online marketing, contactless delivery and other competitive advantages, e-commerce has made the popularity and transaction volume of online shopping record high. According to customs statistics, In 2021, the import and export scale of cross-border e-commerce in China reached 1.98 trillion yuan, an increase of 15%. [1]

On January 1, 2022, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP) officially came into effect, marking the official launch of the world's most populous, largest economic and trade scale, and most promising free trade zone. RCEP is a large-scale regional free trade agreement jointly promoted and reached by China, Japan, ASEAN and other 15 member countries. It is worth noting that RCEP has incorporated the two major economies of China and Japan into the same free trade framework for the first time, which is conducive to deepening mutually beneficial cooperation between the two countries and has epoch-making significance. RCEP has injected strong impetus into the economic and trade development of the two countries, greatly promoting the development scale of goods trade between the two countries, affecting the layout of industries and supply chains, and strengthening economic and trade ties between the two countries.

For cross-border e-commerce going overseas, the official implementation of RCEP has further expanded the Japanese e-commerce market and pushed it into a new stage of development. However, at the same time, the Japanese e-commerce market has limitations, and under the RCEP background, cross-border e-commerce in China will face a series of challenges such as customs, taxation, and personal information protection. How to establish a foothold and develop in compliance is an urgent problem that cross-border e-commerce enterprises need to solve. This article will take the Japanese market as an example to analyze and sort out the compliance risks faced by cross-border e-commerce in China under the RCEP background, Provide a new path for compliant development of cross-border e-commerce in China.

1、 Opportunities for cross-border e-commerce to sail to Japan in the context of RCEP

1. International agreements and domestic policies jointly provide guidance for cross-border e-commerce

The effectiveness of RCEP further strengthens cooperation between China and Japan in the field of e-commerce. Chapter 12 of RCEP is Electronic Commerce, which aims to promote the development and cooperation of e-commerce among contracting parties. It establishes provisions to encourage contracting parties to improve e-commerce rules and procedures, requires contracting parties to create a favorable environment for e-commerce, protect user rights, and propose relevant regulatory measures for the location of computing facilities and cross-border transmission of information through electronic means, Continue to maintain the current practice of not imposing tariffs on e-commerce. The RCEP e-commerce rules play a cornerstone role in promoting the development of cross-border e-commerce, which is conducive to breaking trade barriers and creating new opportunities for the development of cross-border e-commerce between China and Japan.

Specifically, in terms of electronic authentication and electronic signature, RCEP has confirmed the legal effectiveness of electronic authentication and electronic signature, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of cross-border e-commerce between China and Japan; In terms of consumer protection, RCEP requires contracting parties to adopt laws and regulations that can protect consumers from fraud and misleading behavior, and provide relevant information to consumers. It also imposes restrictions on unsolicited commercial electronic messages, which is conducive to enhancing consumers' trust in entering e-commerce and promoting the healthy development of e-commerce enterprises; In terms of regulation of cross-border data flows, RCEP stipulates that a contracting party shall not prevent covered individuals from engaging in commercial activities and transmitting information electronically across borders. The relevant provisions provide strong rule support for the healthy development of cross-border e-commerce between China and Japan.

With RCEP becoming the focus of various sectors, a series of preferential and supportive policies have been introduced in corresponding fields. The State Council, the General Administration of Customs, the Ministry of Commerce and other departments have successively issued multiple favorable policies, in collaboration with RCEP rules, reducing the policy and legal risks of cross-border e-commerce enterprises, and providing strong guarantees for promoting the healthy and rapid development of cross-border e-commerce. On December 23, 2021, Premier Li Keqiang chaired a State Council executive meeting to deploy the implementation of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement after its entry into force. Propose to further encourage the development of new foreign trade formats such as cross-border e-commerce, support enterprises to seize the opportunity of agreement implementation, enhance their competitiveness in participating in the international market, and further enhance the level of trade and investment development. Encourage enterprises to make good use of member countries' tax reduction and regional origin accumulation rules, and expand the export of advantageous products and the import of competitive products. [2] On January 26, 2022, the Ministry of Commerce and six other departments jointly issued the Guiding Opinions on the High Quality Implementation of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP). Point out the need to fulfill e-commerce rules at a high level and promote the high-quality development of cross-border e-commerce; Promote international mutual recognition of digital certificates and electronic signatures; Strengthen consumer protection and personal information protection in e-commerce; Encourage e-commerce platform enterprises to operate globally; Deepen the construction of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zones; Encourage and guide diversified entities to invest in the construction of overseas warehouses; Actively developing "Silk Road e-commerce" and conducting practical e-commerce cooperation with more RCEP member countries. [3]

2. Limitations of the Japanese e-commerce market

The development of offline physical commerce in Japan and the consumption habits of the Japanese people have limitations in the Japanese e-commerce market. Japan has a developed physical retail industry, and offline retail physical stores can provide high-quality consumer experiences, not only with high efficiency, but also with extreme services. Due to factors such as land area and urbanization level, Japan has a very high population density. Offline shopping centers, supermarkets, convenience stores, etc. are positioned as small and refined community services, emphasizing the provision of high-quality goods and services within a limited area to meet consumers' shopping needs, Japanese offline retail enterprises not only focus on traditional commodity buying and selling services, but also pay attention to the service experience enjoyed by consumers in transactions. An important factor contributing to the explosive development of the e-commerce industry in China lies in the fact that Chinese consumers have had difficulty in purchasing high-quality and affordable goods due to factors such as information asymmetry, excessive pricing in the intermediate stages of offline retail, imperfect logistics supply chain system, and lack of service attitude in their past offline consumption. The emergence of e-commerce has made up for these shortcomings, allowing consumers to distinguish products in a transparent environment, By purchasing satisfactory products, the competition between traditional offline retail and e-commerce is constantly collapsing. However, using this logic to analyze the Japanese market, it can be found that due to Japan's well-established offline physical retail industry, e-commerce does not have the ability to change the consumption habits of the Japanese people in a short period of time.

In addition, the consumption habits of Japanese people tend to be offline experience, cash settlement, product quality, logistics efficiency, etc., which makes the penetration rate of e-commerce in Japan much lower than in countries such as China and the United States. In addition, Japan's severe aging situation has affected the demand side of e-commerce. Although Japan's per capita GDP is among the top in the world and its purchasing power is strong, due to the severe aging, The acceptance level of emerging things such as e-commerce among the elderly is much lower than that of young consumers, especially for cross-border e-commerce. Due to factors such as electronic payments, cross-border logistics, returns and exchanges, language habits, etc., consumers have concerns about the quality and applicability of cross-border e-commerce products. In addition, the existence of complete offline retail stores in Japan has led to a low level of dependence on cross-border e-commerce among the Japanese people, The e-commerce market has limitations.

3. Development potential of the Japanese e-commerce market

As the world's third-largest economy, Japan's market size, digital level, comprehensive infrastructure construction, and the dependence of a new generation of young consumers on e-commerce provide opportunities for China's cross-border e-commerce enterprises to go overseas. The development potential of the Japanese e-commerce market is significant. With the further popularization of e-commerce, the strong purchasing power level of Japanese citizens and the developed e-commerce supply chain foundation can further promote the vigorous development of e-commerce.

Cross border e-commerce is based on the internet, and every key link including online marketing, online transactions, and online payments cannot do without the support of internet technology. It has a natural dependence on the internet, and its development cannot do without the innovation of internet technology. Japan has developed internet infrastructure, fast network speed, advanced internet technology, and high penetration rate, The advanced level of informatization provides a solid foundation for the development of e-commerce. According to the report, Japan's developed digital economy foundation has benefited from a series of strategies such as the early establishment of IT, and the construction of domestic information infrastructure and the development process of the digital economy have been effectively promoted. The internet penetration rate in Japan reached 93% in 2021, and the cost-effectiveness of its early infrastructure construction reached as high as $10.1 billion in 2021. In addition, Japan's early start in information technology infrastructure, coupled with efficient management of cross-border logistics, has created its advanced logistics technology, providing strong support for cross-border electronic trade. Japan's efficient logistics information system provides strong guarantees for its domestic and international digital trade. In 2020, Japan's logistics costs accounted for only 5.38% of its sales. [4] In December 2020, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) of Japan released the General Plan 3.0 for Regional Construction of ICT Technology Facilities, which aims to promote ICT (information and communication technology) throughout the country. It plans to steadily promote the construction of ICT infrastructure, which will further accelerate the development of 5G base stations. It hopes to develop more than 280000 5G base stations by the end of 2023 (four times the number at the beginning of the plan). It will further enhance the level of digitization and provide convenience for the development of cross-border e-commerce.

In addition to internet infrastructure and logistics construction, the digitalization level of Japan's new generation of consumers is also of great significance for China's cross-border e-commerce expansion. According to the report, in January 2021, Japan's internet penetration rate was 93%, covering 117.4 million people; 73% of Japanese have purchased products online, compared to 54% in 2016; 82% of Japanese have searched online for products or services to purchase, compared to 65% in 2016; 85% of Japanese have visited online retail websites or stores, compared to 65% in 2016. [5] It can be seen that the recognition level of Japanese consumers towards e-commerce has been increasing year by year, and the high level of population digitization and increasing frequency of online shopping have provided huge opportunities for Chinese e-commerce enterprises to go abroad to Japan.

2、 Potential compliance risks of cross-border e-commerce going overseas to Japan

1. Tax risk

The target markets for cross-border e-commerce enterprises to go overseas include mature markets such as Europe, America, Japan, and South Korea, as well as developing markets such as Southeast Asia. However, the tax systems of different countries vary and are constantly being updated and improved. Unlike the clear tax policies in China, enterprises may lack understanding or have deviations in their understanding of the export tax policies, which poses tax compliance challenges for cross-border e-commerce enterprises in the process of going overseas. Optimizing tax compliance is one of the unavoidable and urgent issues for cross-border e-commerce enterprises during their overseas journey.

From April 2020, the Japanese customs announced that the reverse calculation method would be applied to collect tariffs on goods exported to Japan, usually referred to as the "reverse algorithm". The customs adjusted the time node of tax collection and the verification method: for the import declaration amount, the Japanese customs will verify the import declaration price, not according to the amount declared by the importer, but through the sales price of the seller's sales link, minus the costs of the platform, When the Japanese Customs is unable to judge whether the declared amount is correct or not or whether the trade process is correct, it has the right to require customers to modify the declared amount to pay taxes according to the inverse algorithm. The original intention of using the inverse algorithm is to fix the existing tax loopholes, and its essence is to adjust the tax collection time node and verification method.

Some companies have resorted to illegal means to evade reverse algorithms, such as raising link prices after customs clearance or using someone else's link to ship on behalf of them. However, the inspection of goods by the Japanese customs is very strong. Unqualified declaration always carries risks, which is not a long-term solution. If false declaration is detected by the customs, in addition to the regular tax payment and delayed customs clearance, it will also increase the storage expenses of goods in the customs, which will lead to longer logistics time of goods transportation, burden logistics costs, and thus affect sales and reputation. Tax compliance is the trend, and enterprises should comply with relevant overseas laws and regulations, comply with platform policies, and achieve compliant operations.

2. Customs clearance risk

Cross border e-commerce has advantages such as online marketing, online transactions, and contactless delivery. Transaction information can cross national borders through the Internet, but physical goods that need to be delivered need to undergo customs inspection and supervision during transportation. If there are violations of the goods, they cannot pass customs inspection smoothly. The customs clearance risks faced by cross-border e-commerce enterprises when conducting export trade mainly come from the customs regulations of the buyer's location. On the one hand, the seller may not be aware of the regulatory rules of the market and unintentionally violate relevant regulations. On the other hand, due to the seller's lucky mentality, they may take risks to obtain profits, falsely report and conceal information, and fail to truthfully report information about the exported goods, resulting in a series of complex customs clearance risks.

The Japanese Customs Law stipulates that in general, import and export goods should be transported into the bonded area before being declared to the customs. After receiving the import declaration, the customs will conduct document review and necessary goods inspection. After paying customs duties and other taxes, the customs will release the goods. The customs clearance process must be declared by submitting an import (customs duty payment) declaration that describes the quantity and value of the goods, as well as any other required detailed information.

Import (Duty Paid) Declaration Form (Customs Form C-5020) in triplicate, along with the following documents, shall be submitted to the customs (in principle, the customs only need important additional documents necessary to confirm the permit):

·Invoice

·Bill of lading or air waybill

·Certificate of origin (in case of applicable WTO tax rate)

·Generalized preferential system, certificate of origin (preferential tax rate applicable)

·Packing list, waybill, insurance certificate, etc. (if necessary)

·Permits, certificates, etc. required by laws and regulations other than customs laws (when the import of certain goods is restricted by such laws and regulations)

·Detailed explanation of tariff and consumption tax reduction (when the reduction applies to goods)

·Tariff payment note (when goods are taxable)

In addition, some imported goods may have negative impacts on Japan's industry, economy, and health, or public safety and morality. This type of goods belongs to the "import restrictions" stipulated by various domestic laws and regulations. According to customs laws, importers must obtain permits and approvals related to the import of goods, and must meet inspection requirements or other necessary conditions for import restrictions. Therefore, according to laws and regulations other than customs laws, when import goods require permission and approval, proof of permission and approval application from other laws and regulations must be submitted. Other laws and regulations include the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Control Law, laws and regulations related to prohibited goods, quarantine laws and regulations, and laws and regulations related to drugs. [6]

3. Information Protection Risks

The provisions on the protection of online personal information in the RCEP e-commerce rules mainly rely on the domestic legal framework of the contracting parties, which stipulates that each contracting party should adopt or maintain a legal framework for the protection of personal information of e-commerce users. In fact, there are differences in personal information protection policies among RCEP contracting parties, as well as differences in the processing of personal sensitive information and non personal sensitive information. Cross border e-commerce enterprises may collect information excessively or improperly process information without understanding local regulations, resulting in the risk of violations when collecting and using data containing personal information. Japan attaches great importance to the protection of personal information. As early as 2003, the Japanese parliament passed the Personal Information Protection Law. Regardless of whether the personal information processing industry is a domestic or foreign enterprise in Japan, anyone who obtains personal information while providing goods or services is bound by Japan's Personal Information Protection Law. If they violate the law, they will face severe punishment.

On February 18, 2022, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PPC) of Japan released the compliance points of the Personal Information Protection Law to help small and medium-sized enterprises cope with the compliance pressure brought about by the revision and implementation of the Personal Information Protection Law:

·If there is a leakage or other situation that may harm personal rights and interests, the operator has the obligation to report to the Personal Information Protection Committee and notify the personal information subject.

·If personal information is provided to a foreign third party, it should be strengthened to disclose the relevant information of the third party's processing of personal information to the personal information subject.

·In principle, the safety management measures taken should be announced; If it involves processing personal information abroad, it is necessary to take security management measures after understanding the foreign personal information protection system.

·Short term saved data that will be deleted within 6 months is also subject to disclosure requirements; Individuals also have the right to request disclosure of records of personal information provided and received by operators to third parties; The disclosure method is chosen by individuals; In addition, the scope of the right to request cessation of the use and deletion of personal information has been expanded.

·Prohibit the improper use of personal information, such as providing personal information to businesses suspected of engaging in illegal activities, even if there is only a possibility of promoting illegal or improper behavior.

·When providing to a third party, if the information is not personal information to the provider, but the provider expects the recipient to use it as personal information, the external provision of this information should also obtain the consent of the recipient. Personal associated information includes website browsing history, product purchase history, location information, etc. collected through terminal identifiers (among these information, those that can identify specific individuals belong to personal information and not personal associated information). [7]

3、 Cross border e-commerce compliance development path

1. Strictly adhere to the bottom line of compliance and explore local operations

The Japanese customs has a high degree of inspection and strict supervision on imported goods. In order to ensure smooth customs clearance and crack the inverse algorithm, cross-border e-commerce enterprises must comply with relevant Japanese laws and regulations, and abide by platform policies. Only by truthful declaration and compliant operation can they seek long-term development. The legal basis for the inverse algorithm is Japan's Tariff Law, which states in Article 4 that importers without a local entity in Japan will be considered as price uncertainty. After uncertain goods are traded overseas, there is no way to determine the direction of funds, so the cost can only be calculated based on the sales value. From this, it can be seen that if you want to perfectly avoid the Japanese inverse algorithm, in the long run, the most feasible method is to cooperate with a local Japanese company or establish a local Japanese company.

Sellers who are interested in delving deeper into the Japanese market and have relatively large sales revenue can consider importing through local Japanese companies and collaborating with them to enter Japan through general trade methods. This method not only avoids reverse algorithms, but also expands multi-dimensional cooperation with Japanese companies, improves consumer recognition, and enhances the brand's influence in Japan; Strong sellers can register a Japanese company after comprehensive consideration, fundamentally avoiding the inverse algorithm. However, this requires sellers to have a certain scale and the ability to operate Japanese companies. At the same time, they must also do a good job in local tax reporting in Japan and pay taxes in a reasonable and compliant manner. If they violate Japan's strict tax laws, they will face huge fines and penalties. From a long-term business perspective, if you want to do well in the Japanese market, using localized teams is a key step. Hiring overseas personnel as staff in necessary positions can not only reduce the cost of forming a separate team, but also avoid bias in understanding the business environment of the target market. This can better align with the shopping habits and needs of the target market, enhance user stickiness, and promote enterprise development.

2. Promote enterprise transformation and accelerate the layout of overseas warehouses

To cope with the inconvenience caused by strict customs supervision, save time and costs, and improve logistics efficiency, risks can be avoided by arranging overseas warehouses. In modern logistics, warehouses are a key node connecting buyers and sellers. Overseas warehouses refer to domestic enterprises transporting goods to target market countries through bulk transportation, using local warehouses to store goods, and then according to local sales orders, Respond promptly by sorting, packaging, and delivering directly from the local warehouse. Placing this node overseas in Chinese cross-border e-commerce can not only improve logistics efficiency and reduce logistics costs, but also facilitate the development of overseas markets.

Under the context of RCEP, the layout of overseas warehouses has become increasingly convenient. The investment clauses of RCEP stipulate that contracting parties shall not discriminate against foreign investors and shall provide most favored nation treatment to contracting party investments, which will promote a more free and convenient environment within the RCEP area. The implementation of RCEP makes it more convenient for cross-border e-commerce enterprises to layout overseas warehouses. The operation mode of overseas warehouses is greatly beneficial for both cross-border e-commerce operators and consumers. Mass transportation of goods can generate economies of scale, allowing for one-time customs clearance and inspection of goods, reducing the complexity of customs clearance procedures, improving the efficiency of customs clearance and transportation of goods, and significantly reducing logistics costs; Overseas warehouses exchange space for time, and by stocking up in advance, unexpected risks can be avoided; Overseas warehouses can solve the problem of local returns and exchanges, and returns and exchanges do not require secondary customs clearance, cross-border logistics, and other processes, thereby greatly reducing logistics costs; The overseas warehouse has moved inventory forward, narrowing the distance between the goods and the target sales market, facilitating marketing activities and improving spot trading opportunities; For consumers, products placed on online platforms are shipped locally, greatly reducing order response time and delivery time, and improving consumer satisfaction. The layout of overseas warehouses is the core means of cultivating the competitiveness of cross-border e-commerce enterprises.

3. Enhance risk awareness and strengthen compliance construction

Against the backdrop of RCEP, international and domestic regulations have put forward new requirements for the compliance capabilities of cross-border e-commerce. However, the current level of compliance in cross-border e-commerce in China is uneven, and enterprises should accelerate their compliance transformation to adapt to increasingly complex international e-commerce rules. Specifically, before conducting business, cross-border e-commerce enterprises should actively understand the local laws and policies of the product market, such as customs import and export supervision policies, tax policies, personal information protection policies, local intellectual property protection policies, etc., conduct sufficient investigations of the target market in advance to arrange relevant plans and measures for compliance risk prevention, establish compliance standards and specific compliance work systems, To provide action standards for discovering and handling violations, and to provide guarantees for the compliance construction of enterprises at the institutional level.

Cross border e-commerce enterprises can hire personnel with professional knowledge in customs clearance, tax planning, data compliance, and intellectual property protection during their business operations to guide their operations. If necessary, they can also hire lawyers and other professionals to provide opinions on whether the sale of exported goods in the local area violates laws and regulations, in order to prevent potential disputes in the future. At the same time, after conducting business, Attention should be paid to compliant operations and the retention of relevant data, as well as the retention and management of evidence, in order to maximize the protection of one's legitimate rights and interests in the event of disputes. Strengthening investment in talent cultivation and compliance operation of enterprises require relevant staff to not only possess professional abilities in customs supervision, international taxation, law, etc., but also master the language and cultural customs and traditions of the market, in order to analyze overseas markets, respond quickly to problems and emergencies, resolve disputes, take precautions, and achieve stability and progress.

epilogue

The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP), in which China actively participates, officially came into effect on January 1 of this year. Currently, the world's most promising free trade zone has officially set sail, greatly promoting the economic and trade development between China and regional countries represented by Japan. For cross-border e-commerce enterprises, they can enjoy the dual benefits brought by free trade rules and national policies. In addition, with the development of internet information technology, China's cross-border e-commerce enterprises will surely usher in a new round of vigorous development when they go abroad to Japan.

Misfortune and misfortune are interdependent, and opportunities often coexist with challenges. RCEP has a wide range of content and detailed terms, aiming to promote trade facilitation. At the same time, it places great emphasis on consumer rights, data security, and personal information security. In addition, Japan's strict supervision of customs, taxation, and personal information poses challenges to the compliant operation of cross-border e-commerce enterprises in China. China and Japan have economic, political, and There are huge differences in cultural customs, and the compliance risks of overseas enterprises have suddenly intensified. Whether we can seize the opportunity and meet the challenges is uncertain. Therefore, it is recommended that cross-border e-commerce enterprises accelerate their transformation, explore localized business models, accelerate overseas warehouse layout, enhance risk prevention awareness, and develop targeted and compliant business strategies to seize the unlimited opportunities brought by RCEP and promote the healthy development of cross-border e-commerce.

In the new year, we look forward to cross-border e-commerce enterprises fully utilizing the RCEP policy dividend, focusing on location advantages, improving industrial layout, enhancing risk prevention awareness, welcoming the new stage of cross-border e-commerce development with a compliant attitude, creating unique competitiveness, and contributing Chinese wisdom to the development of global cross-border e-commerce.